Calcium

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__Important Facts__
 * atomic number 20
 * atomic mass is 40.08
 * boiling point is 1484 degrees Celsius, 2703.2 degrees Fahrenheit
 * melting point is 839 degrees Celsius, 1542.2 degrees Fahrenheit
 * Calcium is a room solid at temperature
 * calcium is hard with a silvery, whitish color
 * the group number is 2
 * calcium is produced by the electrolysis of lime in mercury
 * alkaline earth metal
 * calcium's density is 1.6g/cm3

 __Reactions__  Calcium is not reactive with water, if you put a piece of calcium at room temperature in a bucket of water, it would sink to the bottom because it is denser than water and it would release some air bubbles. If you released calcium to oxygen it would make a large reaction. But it would take very high temperatures to burn.

 __Isotopes__  Ca-40 Stable  Ca-41 103000.0 years <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4ba1f1; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;"> Ca-42 Stable <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4ba1f1; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;"> Ca-43 Stable <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4ba1f1; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;"> Ca-44 Stable <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4ba1f1; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;"> Ca-45 162.7 days <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4ba1f1; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;"> Ca-46 Stable <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4ba1f1; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;"> Ca-48 4.5 days <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4ba1f1; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;"> Ca-47 Stable <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4ba1f1; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;"> Ca-49 8.7 minutes

<span style="background-color: #00ffff; color: #000080; display: block; font-family: georgia,serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: left;">__Fun Facts and Compounds__
 * <span style="background-color: #00ffff; color: #000080; display: block; font-family: georgia,serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: left;">calcium was discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy
 * <span style="background-color: #00ffff; color: #000080; display: block; font-family: georgia,serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: left;">calcium sulphate is used for bleaching textiles and paper pulp
 * <span style="background-color: #00ffff; color: #000080; display: block; font-family: georgia,serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: left;">calcium silicate is used for rubber reinforcement
 * <span style="background-color: #00ffff; color: #000080; display: block; font-family: georgia,serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: left;">calcium phosphide is used in making fireworks, and bombs for the military
 * <span style="background-color: #00ffff; color: #080fa6; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium; text-align: left;">chalk is calcium carbonate
 * <span style="background-color: #00ffff; color: #000080; display: block; font-family: georgia,serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: left;">calcium is the fifth most abundant element



<span style="color: #000080; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">__ Calcium in the Body __ <span style="color: #080fa6; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 140%; line-height: 27px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000080; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Bone- 61p.p.m <span style="color: #080fa6; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 140%; line-height: 27px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000080; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Tissue- av. 120 p.p.m  <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Blood- 3-17% <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Total Amount in Body- 1.2kg

<span style="background-color: #000080; color: #00ffff; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 24px;">__Calcium as a food__ <span style="background-color: #000080; color: #00ffff; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 24px;">Calcium is very important to the bodies of women and children. They are advised to eat milk, cheese, and leafy green vegetables.

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<span style="color: #0072ff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;">__Calcium as a Danger__ <span style="color: #0072ff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;">There is an uncommon hereditary condition called malignant hyperthermia. The body reacts to certain chemicals such as halothane anaesthetic by opening the calcium channels. Calcium flows out of cells and activates many bodily processes that run out of control.

<span style="color: #5e0abd; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Calcium is found in many foods and it is very important for our bodies. It is a mineral that is sometimes fortified into foods, like bread. This is still a good for source of calcium. One of the best sources of calcium is dairy, especially raw milk, cheese and yogurt. But there are many other foods with calcium. There are many vegetables with calcium. These include broccoli, watercress, kale, chick peas (hummus), green beans, baked beans, and red kidney beans. Nuts such as almonds, hazelnuts, and walnuts have calcium. Calcium is also found in breads such as rice and pasta, and in fruits like raw apricots, figs, and oranges. Calcium is easy to find in daily meals because it is part of so many foods.

<span style="color: #6121de; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Why do we need calcium? Calcium is very important for your bones. It strengthens bones and helps them grow. That is why it is so important for adolescents and young adults to get a lot of calcium, because their bones are growing. Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to thin, causing bone weakness, and the bones could break. This disease affects over 28 million men and women in the United States. Calcium is also effective with obesity. If people (children) drink milk instead on soda, it would improve their metabolism and the less soda drank the less sugar entering the body. Calcium also lessens the tendency of fat cells to keep calories.

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Sources [] [] [] [] [] __Nature's Building Block An A-Z Guide to the Elements__ by John Emsley; Published by Oxford University Press, 2011: Great Clarendon Street, Oxford [] []