Nitrogen

=**__NITROGEN__** =

media type="custom" key="11539464"




 * ====Name ==== || ====Symbol ==== || ====Atomic ====

 Number
|| ====Atomic ====

Weight
|| ====Group ====

Number
|| ====Valence ====

Electrons
|| ====Melting ====

Point
|| ====Boiling ====

Point
|| ====Density ==== ||
 * = ==== Nitrogen ==== ||= ==== N ==== ||= ==== 7 ==== ||= ==== ~14 (14.0067) ==== ||= ==== 15 ==== ||= ==== 5 ==== ||= ==== -210.1°C ==== ||= ==== -195.79°C ==== ||= ==== ~1.251 g/L ====

||
 * ==== Pronunciation: Ny-troh-jen ====
 * ==== Nitrogen is about 78% of the earth's atmosphere ====
 * ==== Found in: Ammonia, nitric acids, cyanides, amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids ====
 * ==== Room Temperature (r.t.p.): At room temperature nitrogen is found as a gas in the air ====
 * ==== Gas vs. Liquid: Nitrogen gas is colorless, odorless, and mostly unreactive. Liquid nitrogen is also colorless and odorless. ====
 * ==== Nitrogen is a nonmetal ====
 * ==== Nitrogen is found mostly in the air. It is made by fusion processes in stars. It also occurs in minerals such as saltpetre, Chile saltpetre, and sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride). ====


 * ==== Humans have about 3% in weight of nitrogen ====
 * ==== Some explosives such as sodium azide (NaN3) are used in in life saving things such as airbags ====
 * ==== Nitrous oxide (N2O) also known as laughing gas is still used as an anesthetic and a propellant in cans of whipped cream ====
 * ==== Nitrogen oxide (N2O4) and its reaction with hydrazine (N2H4) was used in rocket engines For a long time people thought that nitrate was the cause of stomach cancer ====
 * ==== About 2 billion people indirectly depend on ammonium nitrate as a dietary nitrogen ====
 * ==== The element nitrogen was discovered by Daniel Rutherford in 1772 ====
 * ==== Nitrogen is in all living beings and is also found in animal waste ====
 * ==== Nitrogen gas makes up a large part of Saturn's moon (Titan) ====
 * ==== Liquid nitrogen is used for things such as dry ice (if this comes in contact with skin it will cause severe frostbite and burn the skin) ====
 * ==== Firefighters use nitrogen to displace oxygen and stifle the fires ====


 * ==== When forming a molecule (N2) it has a triple bond ====
 * ==== Nitrogen's triple bond is extremely hard to break ====
 * ==== Nitrogen reacts well with lithium (Li) ====
 * ==== Molecular nitrogen (N2) and nitrogen compounds have been found in space ====


 * ==== Nitrogen is essential to life ====
 * ==== We depend on this element mainly in the form of ammonia ====
 * ==== Nitrogen is part of DNA ====
 * ==== It is also part of amino acids, enzymes, and proteins which are necessary for life ====
 * ==== It also makes up other important molecules that make up hemoglobin and acetylcholine (passes messages from one nerve to another) ====
 * ==== Plants need ammonia or nitrate (these can be found underground in plant debris, animal manure, and microbes found in the soil) ====
 * ==== A big part of boosting crop production for human food is to add ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) to the soil ====


 * ==== This element is normally non-toxic unless it pushes oxygen out of a person's lungs ====
 * ==== When a large amount of nitrogen is inhaled, because it is soluble in blood, it can block your blood vessels. ====
 * ==== Nitrogen is also found in cyanide (HCN) which can kill you extremely quickly ====
 * ==== Nitrogen is also found in explosives which are known to be extremely dangerous and have a high death rate connected with them ====




 * ==== Liquid nitrogen is used for preserving genetic material, freezing blood, and some kinds of surgery ====
 * ==== Nitric Oxide (NO) is an important part of many drugs such as those that treat angina (condition where blood flow to the heart is restricted) ====
 * ==== NO is also a messenger in our body that is vital to the relaxing of our muscles ====
 * ==== Stiffing amyl nitrite vapor was used to lower blood pressures ====
 * ==== N13 is used in the modern practice of PET scanning which is the equivalent to the negative electron ====
 * ==== In this process radiation is emitted which highly resembles X-rays ====


 * ==== Simple explosives and gunpowder are reliant on nitrogen compounds ====
 * ==== In 1846 it was found out that when glycerol reacted with nitric and sulfuric acid it would make an explosion. Thus creating nitroglycerine ====
 * ==== The nitroglycerine was temperamental, but Alfred Nobel figured out how to make the explosions only go off when you wanted them to. Thus creating dynamite ====
 * ==== Another nitrogen compound was TNT which is short for trinitrotoluene ====
 * ==== Some modern day explosives are HMX and RDX (see compounds with nitrogen to see chemical names of HMX and RDX) ====


 * ==== KNO3 potassium nitrate ====
 * ==== NH4 ammonium ====
 * ==== N13 used in PETs ====
 * ==== NO3- nitrate ====
 * ==== NO2- nitrite ====
 * ==== NO nitric oxide ====
 * ==== HCN cyanide ====
 * ==== HNO nitroxyl ====
 * ==== NH4NO3 ammonium nitrate ====
 * ==== TNT an explosive also known as trinitrotoluene ====
 * ==== HMX modern day explosive also known as tetranitrotetraazacyclooctane ====
 * ==== RDX modern day explosive also known as trinitrohexhydrotrazine ====
 * ==== NH4CL ammonium chloride ====
 * ==== NaNO3 sodium nitrate ====
 * ==== Ba(NO3)2 barium nitrate ====
 * ==== (Ca(NO3)2.4H2O) Calcium nitrate hydrate ====
 * ==== NaN3 sodium azide ====
 * ==== N2O nitrous oxide also known as laughing gas ====
 * ==== N2H4 hydrazine ====

[[image:cdsgrade8/nitrogen_1.jpg width="202" height="218" caption="http://www.eoearth.org/article/Nitrogen"]]






media type="youtube" key="zmvJ54kRpjg?version=3" height="360" width="640"

Emsley, John. "Nitrogen." __Nature's Building Block: An A-Z Guide to the Elements__. Oxford University Press Inc., 2011.

Stwertka, Albert. "Nitrogen." __A Guide to the Elements 2nd Edition__. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.,2002.

Gray, Theodore. "Nitrogen." __The Elements, A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe__. New York: Black Dog and Leventhal Publishers Inc., 2009\

"Nitrogen." __Wikipedia.__ Nov. 30 2011 <[]>

"Nitrogen:the Essentials." __Web Elements.__ 1993-2011 <[]>

"Nitrogen." __The Photographic Periodic Table.__ <[]>

"Nitrogen." __The Periodic Table of Videos: The University of Nottingham.__ 2008 <[]>